Captain-Generals of the Philippines
1860-1871: Juan Gerona
Supreme Presidents of the Philippines
1871-1873: [in arms]†
1873-1874: [in arms]†
1874-1875: [in arms]†
1875-1878: [in arms]†
1878-1882: [in arms]†
-betrayed for opposing peace treaty
1882-1886: [in exile]
-flees to Formosa
-makes compact with French Republic in return for support of Filipino independence
1886-1896:
1886: Acclaimed by the Cortes
1891: Ran unopposed
1896-1911
1911-1916:
1916-1921:
1921-1924:
1924-1927: [declared]
1924: New constitution declared
1927-1931: (Federalista)
1927: Ran unopposed
1931-1932: (Federalista)
1932-1935: (Federalista)
1932: Ran unopposed
1935-1945: Ramon del Fierro (Centralista)
1935 def. (Federalista)
1940 def. (Manila Federalista), (Visayan Federalista)
-sees growth of ties with United States of America in particular
-to beat and override French influence